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Food webs and ecosystems
Producers capture energy, often from sunlight. Consumers obtain energy by eating organisms or organic matter. Decomposers help return nutrients from dead material to the environment.
Food-web arrows usually show the direction of energy transfer, from what is eaten to the eater. Energy flows through a system while nutrients cycle. Removing one organism can affect several connected populations.
Worked example
Grass → rabbit → fox represents energy passing from grass to rabbit to fox.
Try it yourself
Draw a food web with two producers, three consumers and a decomposer.
Check your understanding
In grass → rabbit, what does the arrow represent?
The arrow points toward the organism receiving energy.
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