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Programming as clear instructions
An algorithm is a sequence of steps that produces an outcome. Programs use variables for values, conditions for decisions, and loops for repeated actions. A useful algorithm states what happens for unusual inputs too.
Test boundary cases: zero, empty text, a negative value, or a value exactly at a limit. A program producing one correct answer is not evidence that every case works.
Worked example
If a score is at least 80, display passed; otherwise display review. A score of 80 must take the passed branch.
Try it yourself
Write steps for calculating an item total and rejecting a negative quantity.
Check your understanding
Under score >= 80, does 80 pass?
The condition includes equality.
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