CalculatorWiser Reference Library

Math Formula Encyclopedia

Search, understand, and use formulas across arithmetic, algebra, geometry, trigonometry, calculus, statistics, finance, science, engineering, and everyday math.

134 formulas10 subjectsExamples + variables

16 matching formulas

Trigonometry

Sine Ratio

sin θ = opposite/hypotenuse

Right-triangle sine ratio.

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Trigonometry

Cosine Ratio

cos θ = adjacent/hypotenuse

Right-triangle cosine ratio.

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Trigonometry

Pythagorean Identity

sin²θ + cos²θ = 1

Fundamental identity connecting sine and cosine.

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Trigonometry

Law of Sines

a/sin A = b/sin B = c/sin C

Relates sides and opposite angles in any triangle.

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Trigonometry

Law of Cosines

c² = a² + b² − 2ab cos C

Generalizes the Pythagorean theorem to any triangle.

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Finance & Business

Future Value

FV = PV(1+r)^n

Future value under periodic compounding.

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Finance & Business

Present Value

PV = FV/(1+r)^n

Present value of a future amount.

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Finance & Business

Loan Payment

PMT = P·[r(1+r)^n]/[(1+r)^n−1]

Fixed payment for a fully amortizing loan.

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Finance & Business

Debt-to-Income Ratio

DTI = monthly debt / gross monthly income × 100

Common affordability ratio.

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Finance & Business

Markup Percentage

markup% = (selling price−cost)/cost ×100

Markup measured relative to cost.

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Finance & Business

Profit Margin

margin% = profit/revenue ×100

Profit measured relative to revenue.

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Finance & Business

Break-Even Units

Q = fixed costs/(price−variable cost per unit)

Units required to cover fixed and variable costs.

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Finance & Business

CAGR

CAGR=(ending/beginning)^(1/n)−1

Smoothed annualized growth rate.

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Trigonometry

Double-Angle Sine

sin(2θ)=2sinθ cosθ

Common reference identity or relationship used in trigonometry.

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Trigonometry

Double-Angle Cosine

cos(2θ)=cos²θ−sin²θ

Common reference identity or relationship used in trigonometry.

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Finance & Business

Rule of 72

doubling years ≈ 72 / annual rate (%)

Common reference identity or relationship used in finance & business.

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